The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 years.